Rolle im Portfolio
IShares Global Infrastructure UCITS ETF provides exposure to the 100 largest stocks from developed and advanced emerging countries contained within the broader Macquarie Global Infrastructure Index.
Despite being advertised as a benchmark for the broad infrastructure sector, global utility providers make up close to four fifths of the index, with oil and gas pipelines and industrial transportation rounding out the remainder.
Utilities offer a direct investment into a regional economy’s growth, as it is literally impossible to export these essential services. Under the utility umbrella, the index contains both regulated utility providers and merchant power generators. Regulated utilities have historically provided stable dividends and returns. Merchant power generators, on the other hand, tend to have a wider variance of returns due to commodity price fluctuations.
At the time of this writing, the reference index has exhibited a five-year correlation to the MSCI World Index (~64%) and the STOXX Europe 600 Index (~66%), implying some diversification benefits when added to core equity holdings.
Investors are often attracted to the utilities sector because it has historically produced strong, stable cash flows and dividends. As of this writing, this ETF has a current dividend yield roughly 1.5 percent higher than the current dividend yield for the MSCI World Index.
Fundamentale Analyse
Utilities firms, which represent around 80% of the reference index, supply indispensable services and goods, such as water, natural gas, or electricity and often operate within heavily regulated and naturally monopolistic environments.
The prohibitively high capital investment costs associated with building power or water plants and related infrastructure act as a natural barrier to entry within the utilities sector. These capital requirements mean that it is often inefficient to have more than one electricity grid or gas pipeline serving a single catchment area. For these reasons, the utility market is often naturally suited to a monopoly or oligopoly.
The services that utilities provide are considered necessary for the most basic levels of human consumption and provide the basic inputs for a well-functioning economy. For this reason, most governments retain extensive control over the sector through the use of regulation. Even in the US, where the market has seen significant deregulation, transmission and distribution operations remain tightly regulated. In an effort to trade off the requirements of consumers (low and stable prices) and shareholders (maximum profit) of the monopolistic utilities, governments often allow them to make a predefined, reasonable profit. This arrangement has historically brought investors a steady cash income, distributed in the form of dividends.
The near-universal requirement for utility goods and services within modern society mean that the demand will be less sensitive to fluctuations in the wider economy when compared with other sectors. As a result, utilities stocks tend to outperform other equity sectors in times of economic downturn but underperform in periods of economic growth.
Since utility projects are capital-intensive, utility companies are particularly sensitive to changes in interest rates and any limitations on access to credit and equity markets. For example, in the wake of the credit crisis, in an attempt to stabilise their balance sheets, banks reduced lending to capital-intensive, long-term projects, severely curtailing international deal flow. Due to loose monetary policy globally, borrowing costs have hovered near historical lows for some time, but they won’t remain at that level indefinitely. When rates do rise again, capital-intensive projects may be shelved or, if necessary, financed in the hope of renegotiating borrowing terms at a later date.
Looking forwards, investors in this sector should also consider the potential risks arising from regulatory changes, given the huge governmental influence on the utility markets.
Indexkonstruktion
The FTSE Macquarie Global Infrastructure 100 Index is a free-float market-cap-weighted index offering exposure to the 100 largest companies from the broader FTSE Macquarie Global Infrastructure Index. Index constituents are chosen from developed and advanced emerging markets and fall into four specific industry categories as defined by the Industry Classification Benchmark: utilities (~80%), oil and gas pipelines (~15%), and industrials(~4%). These firms must be engaged in management, ownership, or the operation of infrastructure and utility assets to be eligible for inclusion. Moreover, the constituents must pass a liquidity screen, turning over at least 0.035% of their shares on their median daily trade per month in 10 of the previous 12 months. The top 10 constituents comprise approximately 30% of the index’s value, with the largest component (National Grid PLC) having a ~4% weighting. This indicates that the index is rather broadly diversified across its entire roster of constituents. Geographically speaking, the index has a heavy US bias (50% of the index’s value), followed by the UK (8%) and Canada (7%). The index is reviewed semiannually in June and December.
Fondskonstruktion
The iShares Global Infrastructure UCITS ETF uses full physical replication to track the FTSE Macquarie Global Infrastructure 100 Total Return Index. The fund aims to track the performance of the reference index by owning all the constituent shares in the same weightings as those stipulated by the index. To help further improve tracking performance, the fund engages in securities lending and can lend up to 100% of the securities within this fund to improve its performance. In the 12 months through the end of September 2015 the programme saw an average of 15.3% of assets under management loaned out across the year. Over that period the maximum percentage of holdings lent out at any given time was 24.5%. The lending programme added 5 basis points of net return to the fund. BlackRock, iShares’ parent company and lending agent, keeps 37.5% of gross securities lending revenue for itself, out of which amount it will pay the associated costs of the activity, and passes 62.5% of the revenue to the fund. BlackRock has a 50% cap on the amount of assets that its iShares funds can lend out. To protect the fund from a borrower’s default, BlackRock takes collateral greater than the loan value. Collateral levels vary from 102.5% to 112% of the value of the securities on loan, depending on the assets provided by the borrower as collateral. This fund uses futures for cash equitisation purposes, which helps to reduce tracking error.
Gebühren
The iShares Global Infrastructure UCITS ETF levies a total expense ratio of 0.65%, which is slightly higher than other ETFs tracking global infrastructure indexes. Moreover, the tracking difference (fund return minus index return) over the past few years suggests that the annual cost of holding the fund tends to be lower than the TER. This implies that management costs are partially offset by revenues generated from efficient portfolio management techniques (for example, securities lending) and through the use of tax optimisation (the fund enjoys a better withholding tax rate than the index). It should be remembered that there are additional, investor-specific costs associated with trading the ETF, such as bid/offer spreads and brokerage commissions, which should be factored into an investment decision. There are also rebalancing costs whenever the index changes composition.
Alternativen
At the time of this writing, the second-most popular ETF, as measured by assets under management, behind the iShares Global Infrastructure UCITS ETF, is the db X-trackers S&P Global Infrastructure UCITS ETF.
The db fund offers more-diversified exposure to the global infrastructure industry. This is primarily achieved through the reference index's modified cap-weighted weighting scheme that reduces single stock concentration and balances sector and geographic exposure. This ETF synthetically replicates its reference index and charges a TER of 0.60%.
SPDR Morningstar Multi-Asset Global Infrastructure UCITS ETF, a new entrant to the market, offers a different sort of exposure. In addition to holding equity, the SPDR ETF’s underlying index also includes debt issued by infrastructure companies such as Transport for London and Veolia Environment. Compared with its competitors, the SPDR fund also offers a significantly broader exposure, including around 500 equity and 1000 fixed-income components. This fund is physically replicated and charges a TER of 0.40%.
